The essentialist model of art education defines art having intrinsic values such as beauty or craftmanship. Teaching prioritises technical skills, formal elements (e.g. composition, color, technique), canonical art history and aesthetic standards. Students are assessed on mastery, craftsmanship and knowledge of artistic practises.
The relationist model of art education defines art as socially and culturally embedded. Teaching prioritises art as communication, expression and social practice, including links to identity, politics, history and community. Students engage in collaborative, interdisciplinary, and issue-driven projects with assessment based on meaning, impact and critical engagement rather than technical mastery.